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Friday, March 23, 2018

Angina

What is angina?   

Angina is discomfort, tightness or chest pain that is a result of the decreased supply to the muscles surrounding the heart. (cardio-vascular muscles.). though it is not a disease, it is a symptom of coronary artery disease which is the commonest disease of the heart. Narrower coronary arteries result in plaque upsurge (atherosclerosis) due to insufficient oxygen-rich.

If you have narrow arteries, they cause you pain, lead to coronary disease of the heart, cardiac arrest and consequently even death. Angina has different ways of manifesting itself, it could be pain and discomfort in the chest, or an angina attack lasting for about 15 minutes. It is usually categorized into variant, stable and unstable angina.


Types of Angina

There are different types of angina depending on the causes. They are:

Chronic angina, which is a heart attack caused if you are working harder than usual. It is predictable as it has a regular pattern that is progressive over the years. It is usually relieved if you take medication and adequate rest.

Unstable angina, on the other hand, is unpredictable as it follows no regular pattern. Even when you are at rest, it could still attack you. It could be an indicator that you will suffer a heart attack in future or even within hours or weeks.

The other types of angina are known as microvascular angina and variant which rarely occur. They can happen even when you are resting even if you have no known coronary artery disorder. It is caused by anomalous contraction of the blood vessels causing the reduced flow of blood to your heart. Medication can be used to relieve you of the symptoms.

What causes angina?

Angina is caused by many factors. They include the following:

If you have had an existing coronary artery disease may cause angina. This results from cholesterol build-up on arterial walls forming hard plaques narrowing the artery. This makes blood supply to the heart insufficient affecting the normal functions of the heart.

If you are a smoker, this may also lead to the development of the coronary heart disease. In addition to this, high cholesterol and fat levels in the blood will cause plaques to form and they will cause damage to your arteries. The plaques lead to thinning of the arteries or complete blockage from blood clots in the artery.

Angina attacks result from insufficient oxygenated blood supply to the heart.  They are mostly triggered by too much physical work since the heart will be deprived of oxygen if you exert too much energy. If you are going through emotional stress that is intense or you consume a heavy meal. If you are fond of smoking or you are exposed to intense temperatures, this may cause an angina attack.

Partial or complete blockage of any of your arteries may cause blood clots which in turn lead to an angina attack. This is normally the unstable or unpredictable angina. If you get blood clots that are large in size, it may cause you a heart attack.

If your artery experiences contractions, it may be narrowed or tightened resulting in reduced blood supply to your heart. Exposure to drug use, extreme cold and stress may be the cause development of variant angina.

What are the signs and symptoms of Angina?

If you experience these signs and symptoms, you may be suffering from angina. They include;
Constrictions, pressure, heaviness and squeezing with a burning sensation starting behind the breast stone. This pain will extend to your other body parts like teeth, throat, back, neck or even jaw.
You may also experience increased sweating, general body sluggishness, increased levels of heartburn and even indigestion. Shortness of breath, cramping and nausea may also be experienced.  Stable angina will feel like indigestion while unpredictable angina will hit you even during rest, lasts longer and even worsens over time.

What are the risk factors associated with Angina

If you suffer from coronary heart disease, you are at increased risk of angina. These factors also raise your risk of getting angina. They include the following:

If you have unhealthy cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, a tendency of smoking regularly, obesity and diabetes, your chances of getting angina are very high. You may also develop angina if you are a man or woman aged 45 and 55 respectively. Furthermore, if you have a history of heart disease or your family has had continuous cases of heart disease, it increases your risk of developing the disease (angina).

What are the prevention and precaution measures for angina

By adjusting your lifestyle, and treating conditions related to angina, you reduce the risk posed to you, delay and prevent angina. Giving up smoking, keeping fit and healthy and eating healthy food also reduces and prevents you from developing angina. Proper treatment for high fat and cholesterol levels and high blood pressure also helps prevent the development of this disease.

How is Angina diagnosed?

If you have the signs of having chest pains, you will undergo a physical exam together with an oral one to help your doctor establish if you are suffering from angina or not. Details of your medical and family health will also be required. You may need to undergo the following tests to determine the cause of your signs and symptoms.

A stress test where the reading of the blood pressure test kit will show increased physical activity, an electrocardiogram which will be recording your hearts electrical activity and can help identify if your heart has been receiving insufficient oxygen amounts. A blood test shows the levels of fats and sugar in your blood while coronary angiography and a chest X-ray will help in seeing your internal chest structures.

How is Angina treated and managed?

The main aim of angina medication is to reduce symptoms, prevent risks of getting a cardiac arrest and to lower chest pain and constriction. Mostly you will be given prescription medicine, have to change your lifestyle or undergo surgical procedures.

For treatment to be effective, you may have to make the following lifestyle adjustments, you may have to cut down your eating habits, smoking habits, control your weight, checking your cholesterol levels regularly, avoiding stress, resting and avoiding strenuous activities and eating lean meat and fruits regularly.

Other treatment methods include; homeopathy which mainly includes the prescription of medicine for the reduction of blood pressure and blood cholesterol and fat levels. Acupressure and acupuncture treatment includes insertion of needles on your skin’s pressure points to help reduce the pressure on them. Psychotherapy and hypnotherapy is recommended for you if you suffer from angina. This will help you relax and deal with emotional stress.


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